This Restatement will deal comprehensively with the legal regulation of children, rather than solely with family law matters.
Reporter: Elizabeth S. Scott, Columbia Law School
Associate Reporters: Richard J. Bonnie, University of Virginia School of Law; Emily Buss, University of Chicago Law School; Clare Huntington, Fordham University School of Law; Solangel Maldonado, Seton Hall University School of Law; David D. Meyer, Tulane University School of Law
Table of Contents
Section Page
Project Status at a Glance............................................................................................................ xvi
Foreword.................................................................................................................................... xvii
Reporters’ Memorandum........................................................................................................... xviii
Projected Overall Table of Contents........................................................................................... xxi
Part I
Children in Families
Chapter 1
Parental Authority and Responsibilities
Topic 4
Duty to Protect Children From Harm
§ 1.40. Parental Liability for Failure to Protect a Child from Sexual Abuse.................................. 1
§ 1.41. Parental Liability for Harm to a Child Resulting from Reckless Supervision of the Child...................................................................................................................................... 8
Topic 5
Responsibility for Children’s Misconduct
§ 1.50. Parental Liability for Harm Caused by a Child................................................................. 16
Chapter 2
State Intervention for Abuse and Neglect
Topic 7
Obligation of the State When a Child is in Foster Care and Rights of Parents
§ 2.70. Obligation of the State While a Child Is in Foster Care .................................................... 36
§ 2.71. Rights of Parents While a Child Is in Foster Care............................................................. 70
Topic 8
Termination of Parental Rights
§ 2.80. Standard for Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights................................................ 86
Chapter 3
Child in Need of Services
Introductory Note........................................................................................................................ 123
Topic 1
Grounds for Court Intervention
§ 3.10. Grounds for Court Intervention....................................................................................... 133
Topic 2
Court-Ordered Dispositions
§ 3.20. Court-Ordered Dispositions............................................................................................. 156
Topic 3
Violation of Court Order
§ 3.30. Violation of Court Order................................................................................................. 163
Part III
Children in the Justice System
Chapter 13
Delinquency Proceedings
Topic 2
Speedy Adjudication Hearing
§ 13.20. Right of a Youth to a Speedy Adjudication Hearing..................................................... 169
Topic 6
Use of Delinquency Finding as a Predicate for Enhancing the Severity of a Criminal Sentence
§ 13.60. Use of Delinquency Finding to Increase Minimum or Maximum Sentences............... 191
Part IV
Children in Society
Chapter 18
Minors’ Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Outside the School Context
Introductory Note........................................................................................................................ 216
§ 18.10. Minors' Right to Engage in Speech, Religious Exercise, and Political Participation ... 217
§ 18.11. Minors' Right to Gain Access to Information and Other Expressive Content............. 233
Chapter 20
Minors’ Obligations and Responsibilities
Topic 2
Minors’ Contractual Liability
§ 20.20. Voidability of Contracts by Minors ............................................................................... 243
Appendix A. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 5.............................................................. 278
Appendix B. Black Letter of Sections Approved by Membership....................................... 285
Tentative Draft No. 5 contains material from Chapter 1, Parental Authority and Responsibilities, Chapter 2, State Intervention for Abuse and Neglect, and Chapter 3, Child in Need of Services, of Part I on Children in Families; Chapter 13, Delinquency Proceedings, of Part III on Children in the Justice System; and Chapter 18, Minors’ Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Outside the School Context, and Chapter 20, Minors’ Obligations and Responsibilities, of Part IV on Children in Society. The membership voted to approve this draft at the 2023 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published.
Table of Contents
Section Page
Project Status at a Glance............................................................................................................ xvi
Foreword.................................................................................................................................... xvii
Reporters’ Memorandum........................................................................................................... xviii
Projected Overall Table of Contents........................................................................................... xxi
Part I
Children in Families
Chapter 1
Parental Authority and Responsibilities
Topic 4
Duty to Protect Children From Harm
§ 1.40. Parental Liability for Failure to Protect a Child from Sexual Abuse.................................. 1
§ 1.41. Parental Liability for Harm to a Child Resulting from Reckless Supervision of the Child...................................................................................................................................... 8
Topic 5
Responsibility for Children’s Misconduct
§ 1.50. Parental Liability for Harm Caused by a Child................................................................. 16
Chapter 2
State Intervention for Abuse and Neglect
Topic 7
Obligation of the State When a Child is in Foster Care and Rights of Parents
§ 2.70. Obligation of the State While a Child Is in Foster Care .................................................... 36
§ 2.71. Rights of Parents While a Child Is in Foster Care............................................................. 70
Topic 8
Termination of Parental Rights
§ 2.80. Standard for Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights................................................ 86
Chapter 3
Child in Need of Services
Introductory Note........................................................................................................................ 123
Topic 1
Grounds for Court Intervention
§ 3.10. Grounds for Court Intervention....................................................................................... 133
Topic 2
Court-Ordered Dispositions
§ 3.20. Court-Ordered Dispositions............................................................................................. 156
Topic 3
Violation of Court Order
§ 3.30. Violation of Court Order................................................................................................. 163
Part III
Children in the Justice System
Chapter 13
Delinquency Proceedings
Topic 2
Speedy Adjudication Hearing
§ 13.20. Right of a Youth to a Speedy Adjudication Hearing..................................................... 169
Topic 6
Use of Delinquency Finding as a Predicate for Enhancing the Severity of a Criminal Sentence
§ 13.60. Use of Delinquency Finding to Increase Minimum or Maximum Sentences............... 191
Part IV
Children in Society
Chapter 18
Minors’ Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Outside the School Context
Introductory Note........................................................................................................................ 216
§ 18.10. Minors' Right to Engage in Speech, Religious Exercise, and Political Participation ... 217
§ 18.11. Minors' Right to Gain Access to Information and Other Expressive Content............. 233
Chapter 20
Minors’ Obligations and Responsibilities
Topic 2
Minors’ Contractual Liability
§ 20.20. Voidability of Contracts by Minors ............................................................................... 243
Appendix A. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 5.............................................................. 278
Appendix B. Black Letter of Sections Approved by Membership....................................... 285
Tentative Draft No. 5 contains material from Chapter 1, Parental Authority and Responsibilities, Chapter 2, State Intervention for Abuse and Neglect, and Chapter 3, Child in Need of Services, of Part I on Children in Families; Chapter 13, Delinquency Proceedings, of Part III on Children in the Justice System; and Chapter 18, Minors’ Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Outside the School Context, and Chapter 20, Minors’ Obligations and Responsibilities, of Part IV on Children in Society. The membership voted to approve this draft at the 2023 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
Project Status at a Glance ...................................................................................... xvi
Foreword ................................................................................................................ xvii
Reporters’ Memorandum ....................................................................................... xviii
Projected Overall Table of Contents ........................................................................ xxi
PART I
CHILDREN IN FAMILIES
CHAPTER 1
PARENTAL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITIES
TOPIC 2
EDUCATION
§ 1.20. Parental Duty and Authority to Educate ........................................................... 1
CHAPTER 2
STATE INTERVENTION FOR ABUSE AND NEGLECT
TOPIC 2
GROUNDS
TITLE B
NEGLECT
§ 2.26. Educational Neglect ........................................................................................ 29
TOPIC 3
PROTECTING FAMILY INTEGRITY
§ 2.30. Obligation of the State to Make Reasonable Efforts to Keep a Child in the
Care of a Parent or Guardian ...................................................................................... 52
TOPIC 4
STATE AUTHORITY TO REMOVE A CHILD FROM THE CARE OF A PARENT OR GUARDIAN AND ARRANGE FOR ALTERNATIVE CARE
§ 2.40. Removing a Child from the Care of a Parent or Guardian ............................... 88
§ 2.41. Emergency Removal Without a Court Order .................................................... 92
§ 2.42. Emergency Ex Parte Removal Order ............................................................. 103
§ 2.43. Post-Petition Removal Order and Judicial Oversight of Continued
Removal ..................................................................................................................... 114
§ 2.44. Post-Adjudication Removal Order and Judicial Oversight of Continued
Removal ..................................................................................................................... 121
TOPIC 5
OBLIGATION OF THE STATE TO MAKE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO REUNIFY A FAMILY
§ 2.50. Obligation of the State to Make Reasonable Efforts to Reunify a Family ......... 130
PART II
CHILDREN IN SCHOOLS
Introductory Note ........................................................................................................ 178
CHAPTER 5
STATE DUTY TO EDUCATE CHILDREN
TOPIC 1
STATE DUTY TO PROVIDE FREE PUBLIC EDUCATION TO ALL CHILDREN
§ 5.10. The State’s Duty to Provide Free Public Education for All Children ............... 180
CHAPTER 7
DISCIPLINE AND ORDER MAINTENANCE
TOPIC 1
THE USE OF FORCE IN RESPONSE TO STUDENT BEHAVIOR
§ 7.10. Use of Force to Control and Punish
Comment k. The use of force against students with disabilities ...................... 241
TOPIC 2
EXCLUSION FROM SCHOOL
§ 7.20. Use of School Exclusion to Control and Punish
Comment h. Special limits on exclusion of students with disabilities .............. 245
CHAPTER 8
STUDENT SPEECH RIGHTS
TOPIC 1
STUDENT EXPRESSION
§ 8.10. Students’ Right of Personal Expression in Public School
Comment j. Off-campus speech ...................................................................... 248
PART III
CHILDREN IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM
CHAPTER 12
PRE-ADJUDICATION
TOPIC 3
PRE-ADJUDICATION DETENTION
Introductory Note ........................................................................................................ 261
§ 12.30. Duty of State to Provide Services and Safe, Healthy Conditions to a Youth
in Custody Pending Delinquency Adjudication ............................................................ 262
§ 12.31. Regulation of Discipline of a Youth in State Custody Pending Adjudication
of Delinquency ............................................................................................................ 288
CHAPTER 13
DELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS
TOPIC 1
MINIMUM AGE IN DELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS
§ 13.10. Non-Accountability of Children under 10; Alternative Basis for
Intervention ................................................................................................................. 314
TOPIC 3
RIGHT TO COUNSEL IN DELINQUENCY AND TRANSFER PROCEEDINGS
§ 13.30. Right to Counsel in a Delinquency Proceeding .............................................. 320
§ 13.31. Waiver of Counsel in a Delinquency Proceeding ............................................ 326
TOPIC 5
RESPONSIBILITY DEFENSES IN DELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS
§ 13.50. Defense of Non-Responsibility Due to Immaturity in Delinquency
Proceedings .................................................................................................................. 375
§ 13.51. Defense of Insanity in Delinquency Proceedings ............................................ 383
CHAPTER 14
DELINQUENCY DISPOSITIONS
TOPIC 1
DISPOSITIONS IN DELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS
§ 14.10. Individualized Disposition No More Restrictive than Necessary ..................... 386
§ 14.11. Limitation of Criminal Penalties or Sentences in Delinquency
Proceedings .................................................................................................................. 428
CHAPTER 15
JUVENILES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
TOPIC 3
DEFENSES BASED ON IMMATURITY IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
§ 15.30. Defense of Non-Responsibility Due to Immaturity ............................................ 462
Appendix A. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 4 .................................................. 481
Appendix B. Black Letter of Sections Approved by Membership ......................... 492
Tentative Draft No. 4 includes material from Chapter 1, Parental Authority and Responsibilities, and Chapter 2, State Intervention for Abuse and Neglect, of Part I (Children in Families); Chapter 5, State Duty to Educate Children, of Part II (Children in Schools); and Chapter 12, Pre-Adjudication, Chapter 13, Delinquency Proceedings, Chapter 14, Delinquency Dispositions, and Chapter 15, Juveniles in Criminal Justice System, of Part III (Children in the Justice System), as well as three new Comments to be added to previously approved Sections in Part II. The membership voted to approve this draft at the 2022 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
Project Status at a Glance ...................................................................................... xvi
Foreword ................................................................................................................ xvii
Reporters’ Memorandum ....................................................................................... xviii
Projected Overall Table of Contents ........................................................................ xxi
PART I
CHILDREN IN FAMILIES
CHAPTER 1
PARENTAL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITIES
TOPIC 2
EDUCATION
§ 1.20. Parental Duty and Authority to Educate ........................................................... 1
CHAPTER 2
STATE INTERVENTION FOR ABUSE AND NEGLECT
TOPIC 2
GROUNDS
TITLE B
NEGLECT
§ 2.26. Educational Neglect ........................................................................................ 29
TOPIC 3
PROTECTING FAMILY INTEGRITY
§ 2.30. Obligation of the State to Make Reasonable Efforts to Keep a Child in the
Care of a Parent or Guardian ...................................................................................... 52
TOPIC 4
STATE AUTHORITY TO REMOVE A CHILD FROM THE CARE OF A PARENT OR GUARDIAN AND ARRANGE FOR ALTERNATIVE CARE
§ 2.40. Removing a Child from the Care of a Parent or Guardian ............................... 88
§ 2.41. Emergency Removal Without a Court Order .................................................... 92
§ 2.42. Emergency Ex Parte Removal Order ............................................................. 103
§ 2.43. Post-Petition Removal Order and Judicial Oversight of Continued
Removal ..................................................................................................................... 114
§ 2.44. Post-Adjudication Removal Order and Judicial Oversight of Continued
Removal ..................................................................................................................... 121
TOPIC 5
OBLIGATION OF THE STATE TO MAKE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO REUNIFY A FAMILY
§ 2.50. Obligation of the State to Make Reasonable Efforts to Reunify a Family ......... 130
PART II
CHILDREN IN SCHOOLS
Introductory Note ........................................................................................................ 178
CHAPTER 5
STATE DUTY TO EDUCATE CHILDREN
TOPIC 1
STATE DUTY TO PROVIDE FREE PUBLIC EDUCATION TO ALL CHILDREN
§ 5.10. The State’s Duty to Provide Free Public Education for All Children ............... 180
CHAPTER 7
DISCIPLINE AND ORDER MAINTENANCE
TOPIC 1
THE USE OF FORCE IN RESPONSE TO STUDENT BEHAVIOR
§ 7.10. Use of Force to Control and Punish
Comment k. The use of force against students with disabilities ...................... 241
TOPIC 2
EXCLUSION FROM SCHOOL
§ 7.20. Use of School Exclusion to Control and Punish
Comment h. Special limits on exclusion of students with disabilities .............. 245
CHAPTER 8
STUDENT SPEECH RIGHTS
TOPIC 1
STUDENT EXPRESSION
§ 8.10. Students’ Right of Personal Expression in Public School
Comment j. Off-campus speech ...................................................................... 248
PART III
CHILDREN IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM
CHAPTER 12
PRE-ADJUDICATION
TOPIC 3
PRE-ADJUDICATION DETENTION
Introductory Note ........................................................................................................ 261
§ 12.30. Duty of State to Provide Services and Safe, Healthy Conditions to a Youth
in Custody Pending Delinquency Adjudication ............................................................ 262
§ 12.31. Regulation of Discipline of a Youth in State Custody Pending Adjudication
of Delinquency ............................................................................................................ 288
CHAPTER 13
DELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS
TOPIC 1
MINIMUM AGE IN DELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS
§ 13.10. Non-Accountability of Children under 10; Alternative Basis for
Intervention ................................................................................................................. 314
TOPIC 3
RIGHT TO COUNSEL IN DELINQUENCY AND TRANSFER PROCEEDINGS
§ 13.30. Right to Counsel in a Delinquency Proceeding .............................................. 320
§ 13.31. Waiver of Counsel in a Delinquency Proceeding ............................................ 326
TOPIC 5
RESPONSIBILITY DEFENSES IN DELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS
§ 13.50. Defense of Non-Responsibility Due to Immaturity in Delinquency
Proceedings .................................................................................................................. 375
§ 13.51. Defense of Insanity in Delinquency Proceedings ............................................ 383
CHAPTER 14
DELINQUENCY DISPOSITIONS
TOPIC 1
DISPOSITIONS IN DELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS
§ 14.10. Individualized Disposition No More Restrictive than Necessary ..................... 386
§ 14.11. Limitation of Criminal Penalties or Sentences in Delinquency
Proceedings .................................................................................................................. 428
CHAPTER 15
JUVENILES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
TOPIC 3
DEFENSES BASED ON IMMATURITY IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
§ 15.30. Defense of Non-Responsibility Due to Immaturity ............................................ 462
Appendix A. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 4 .................................................. 481
Appendix B. Black Letter of Sections Approved by Membership ......................... 492
Tentative Draft No. 4 includes material from Chapter 1, Parental Authority and Responsibilities, and Chapter 2, State Intervention for Abuse and Neglect, of Part I (Children in Families); Chapter 5, State Duty to Educate Children, of Part II (Children in Schools); and Chapter 12, Pre-Adjudication, Chapter 13, Delinquency Proceedings, Chapter 14, Delinquency Dispositions, and Chapter 15, Juveniles in Criminal Justice System, of Part III (Children in the Justice System), as well as three new Comments to be added to previously approved Sections in Part II. The membership voted to approve this draft at the 2022 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
Project Status at a Glance ............................................................................................... xv
Foreword ................................................................................................................. ...... xvii
Reporters’ Memorandum ................................................................................................ xix
Projected Overall Table of Contents ............................................................................... xxi
PART I
CHILDREN IN FAMILIES
CHAPTER 2
STATE INTERVENTION FOR ABUSE AND NEGLECT
TOPIC 2
GROUNDS
TITLE A
ABUSE
§ 2.22. Psychological Abuse ........................................................................................ 1
PART II
CHILDREN IN SCHOOLS
CHAPTER 8
STUDENT SPEECH RIGHTS
TOPIC 1
STUDENT EXPRESSION
§ 8.10. Student’s Right of Personal Expression in Public School ................................ 27
CHAPTER 9
RELIGION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Introductory Note .......................................................................................................... 77
TOPIC 1
STUDENTS’ RELIGIOUS RIGHTS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS
§ 9.10. Students’ Right to Express Religious Views and Engage in Devotional
Exercises in Public School ........................................................................................... 78
TOPIC 2
CONSTRAINTS ON PUBLIC SCHOOLS’ INVOLVEMENT IN RELIGION
§ 9.20. Limits on School-Supported Religious Activities and Curricular
Content ....................................................................................................................... 97
CHAPTER 10
SCHOOL SEARCHES
TOPIC 1
SEARCH BASED ON INDIVIDUALIZED SUSPICION
§ 10.10. Student Search by School Officials Based on Individualized Suspicion ........... 119
TOPIC 2
SUSPICIONLESS SEARCHES
§ 10.20. Search without Individualized Suspicion ........................................................... 185
PART III
CHILDREN IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM
CHAPTER 12
PRE-ADJUDICATION
TOPIC 1
SEARCH AND SEIZURE
§ 12.10. Minor’s Consent to Search .................................................................................... 211
§ 12.11. Parental Consent to Search of a Minor’s Possessions and Person ...................... 227
Appendix A. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 3 .................................................... 245
Appendix B. Black Letter of Sections Approved by Membership ........................... 249
Tentative Draft No. 3 includes § 2.22 from Chapter 2, State Intervention for Abuse and Neglect; § 8.10 from Chapter 8, Student Speech Rights; §§ 9.10 and 9.20 from Chapter 9, Religion in Public Schools; §§ 10.10 and 10.20 from Chapter 10, School Searches; and §§ 12.10 and 12.11 from Chapter 12, Pre-Adjudication. This draft was approved by the membership at the 2021 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and to editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
Project Status at a Glance ............................................................................................ xiii
Foreword ....................................................................................................................... xv
Reporters’ Memorandum .............................................................................................. xxi
Projected Overall Table of Contents ............................................................................ xxvi
PART I
CHILDREN IN FAMILIES
CHAPTER 1
PARENTAL AUTHORITH AND RESPONSIBILITIES
TOPIC 8
DECISIONS ABOUT A CHILD’S ASSOCIATIONS
§ 1.80. Child’s Contact with a Third Party ........................................................................ 1
§ 1.81. Allocation of Custodial or Decisionmaking Responsibility to a Third Party ......... 47
§ 1.82. De Facto Parents ................................................................................................ 63
CHAPTER 2
STATE INTERVENTION FOR ABUSE AND NEGLECT
TOPIC 2
GROUNDS
TITLE B
NEGLECT
§ 2.24. Physical Neglect ................................................................................................. 93
PART II
CHILDREN IN SCHOOLS
CHAPTER 8
DISCIPLINE AND ORDER MAINTENANCE
Introductory Note ........................................................................................................... 141
TOPIC 1
THE USE OF FORCE IN RESPONSE TO STUDENT MISBEHAVIOR
§ 8.10. Use of Force to Control and Punish .................................................................. 141
TOPIC 2
EXCLUSION FROM SCHOOL
§ 8.20. Use of School Exclusion to Control and Punish ................................................ 178
PART III
CHILDREN IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM
CHAPTER 15
DELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS
TOPIC 3
ADJUDICATIVE COMPETENCE IN DELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS
§ 15.30. Adjudicative Competence in Delinquency Proceedings .................................. 219
CHAPTER 17
JUVENILES IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
TOPIC 2
ADJUDICATIVE COMPETENCE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
§ 17.20. Adjudicative Competence in Criminal Proceedings ......................................... 259
PART IV
CHILDREN IN SOCIETY
CHAPTER 19
MEDICAL DECISIONMAKING BY MINORS
TOPIC 1
MEDICAL DECISIONS BY MATURE MINORS
§ 19.01. Consent to Treatment by Mature Minor ............................................................ 283
TOPIC 2
MEDICAL DECISIONS AFFECTING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
§ 19.02. Consent by Minor to Reproductive Health Treatment ...................................... 326
Appendix A. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 2 ................................................... 361
Appendix B. Other Relevant Black-Letter Text ........................................................ 367
Tentative Draft No. 2 contains §§ 1.80-1.82 of Chapter 1, Parental Authority and Responsibilities; § 2.24 of Chapter 2, State Intervention for Abuse and Neglect; §§ 8.10 and 8.20 of Chapter 8, Discipline and Order Maintenance; § 15.30 of Chapter 15, Delinquency Proceedings; § 17.20 of Chapter 17, Juveniles in the Criminal Justice System; and §§ 19.01 of 19.02 from Chapter 19, Medical Decisionmaking by Minors. The draft was approved by the membership at the 2019 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and to the usual editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text of the entire project is published.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
Project Status at a Glance ............................................................................................ xiii
Foreword ....................................................................................................................... xv
Reporters’ Memorandum .............................................................................................. xxi
Projected Overall Table of Contents ............................................................................ xxvi
PART I
CHILDREN IN FAMILIES
CHAPTER 1
PARENTAL AUTHORITH AND RESPONSIBILITIES
TOPIC 8
DECISIONS ABOUT A CHILD’S ASSOCIATIONS
§ 1.80. Child’s Contact with a Third Party ........................................................................ 1
§ 1.81. Allocation of Custodial or Decisionmaking Responsibility to a Third Party ......... 47
§ 1.82. De Facto Parents ................................................................................................ 63
CHAPTER 2
STATE INTERVENTION FOR ABUSE AND NEGLECT
TOPIC 2
GROUNDS
TITLE B
NEGLECT
§ 2.24. Physical Neglect ................................................................................................. 93
PART II
CHILDREN IN SCHOOLS
CHAPTER 8
DISCIPLINE AND ORDER MAINTENANCE
Introductory Note ........................................................................................................... 141
TOPIC 1
THE USE OF FORCE IN RESPONSE TO STUDENT MISBEHAVIOR
§ 8.10. Use of Force to Control and Punish .................................................................. 141
TOPIC 2
EXCLUSION FROM SCHOOL
§ 8.20. Use of School Exclusion to Control and Punish ................................................ 178
PART III
CHILDREN IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM
CHAPTER 15
DELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS
TOPIC 3
ADJUDICATIVE COMPETENCE IN DELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS
§ 15.30. Adjudicative Competence in Delinquency Proceedings .................................. 219
CHAPTER 17
JUVENILES IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
TOPIC 2
ADJUDICATIVE COMPETENCE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
§ 17.20. Adjudicative Competence in Criminal Proceedings ......................................... 259
PART IV
CHILDREN IN SOCIETY
CHAPTER 19
MEDICAL DECISIONMAKING BY MINORS
TOPIC 1
MEDICAL DECISIONS BY MATURE MINORS
§ 19.01. Consent to Treatment by Mature Minor ............................................................ 283
TOPIC 2
MEDICAL DECISIONS AFFECTING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
§ 19.02. Consent by Minor to Reproductive Health Treatment ...................................... 326
Appendix A. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 2 ................................................... 361
Appendix B. Other Relevant Black-Letter Text ........................................................ 367
Tentative Draft No. 2 contains §§ 1.80-1.82 of Chapter 1, Parental Authority and Responsibilities; § 2.24 of Chapter 2, State Intervention for Abuse and Neglect; §§ 8.10 and 8.20 of Chapter 8, Discipline and Order Maintenance; § 15.30 of Chapter 15, Delinquency Proceedings; § 17.20 of Chapter 17, Juveniles in the Criminal Justice System; and §§ 19.01 of 19.02 from Chapter 19, Medical Decisionmaking by Minors. The draft was approved by the membership at the 2019 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and to the usual editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text of the entire project is published.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
Reporters’ Memorandum ............................................................................................... xv
Projected Overall Table of Contents .............................................................................. xix
PART I
CHILDREN IN FAMILIES
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 2
PARENTAL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITIES
TOPIC 1
DUTY TO PROVIDE REASONABLE ECONOMIC SUPPORT
§ 2.10. Duty to Provide Reasonable Economic Support ................................................... 5
TOPIC 3
MEDICAL CARE
§ 2.30. Parental Authority and Responsibility for Medical Care ....................................... 21
CHAPTER 3
STATE INTERVENTION FOR ABUSE AND NEGLECT
Introductory Note .............................................................................................................. 79
TOPIC 2
GROUNDS
TITLE A. ABUSE
SUBTITLE I. PHYSICAL
§ 3.20. Physical Abuse ...................................................................................................... 89
§ 3.24. Defenses: Parental Privilege to Use Reasonable Corporal Punishment ............ 121
TITLE B. NEGLECT
SUBTITLE II. MEDICAL
§ 3.26. Medical Neglect ................................................................................................... 175
PART III
CHILDREN IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM
CHAPTER 14
PRE-ADJUDICATION
TOPIC 2
RIGHT TO COUNSEL IN DELINQUENCY AND TRANSFER PROCEEDINGS
§ 14-2. Interrogation and the Admissibility of Statements ................................................. 225
§ 14.20. Rights of a Juvenile in Custody; Definition of Custody ........................................ 227
§ 14.21. Waiver of Rights in a Custodial Setting ............................................................... 244
§ 14.22. Consultation with Counsel for Younger Juveniles ................................................ 279
§ 14.23. Video-Recording of Interrogation Required .......................................................... 298
Appendix. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 1 ......................................................... 309
Tentative Draft No. 1 contains portions of Chapters 1-3 of Part I, Children in Families, and portions of Chapter 14 of Part III, Children in the Justice System. The draft was approved by the membership at the 2018 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and to the usual editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text of the entire project is published.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
Reporters’ Memorandum ............................................................................................... xv
Projected Overall Table of Contents .............................................................................. xix
PART I
CHILDREN IN FAMILIES
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 2
PARENTAL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITIES
TOPIC 1
DUTY TO PROVIDE REASONABLE ECONOMIC SUPPORT
§ 2.10. Duty to Provide Reasonable Economic Support ................................................... 5
TOPIC 3
MEDICAL CARE
§ 2.30. Parental Authority and Responsibility for Medical Care ....................................... 21
CHAPTER 3
STATE INTERVENTION FOR ABUSE AND NEGLECT
Introductory Note .............................................................................................................. 79
TOPIC 2
GROUNDS
TITLE A. ABUSE
SUBTITLE I. PHYSICAL
§ 3.20. Physical Abuse ...................................................................................................... 89
§ 3.24. Defenses: Parental Privilege to Use Reasonable Corporal Punishment ............ 121
TITLE B. NEGLECT
SUBTITLE II. MEDICAL
§ 3.26. Medical Neglect ................................................................................................... 175
PART III
CHILDREN IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM
CHAPTER 14
PRE-ADJUDICATION
TOPIC 2
RIGHT TO COUNSEL IN DELINQUENCY AND TRANSFER PROCEEDINGS
§ 14-2. Interrogation and the Admissibility of Statements ................................................. 225
§ 14.20. Rights of a Juvenile in Custody; Definition of Custody ........................................ 227
§ 14.21. Waiver of Rights in a Custodial Setting ............................................................... 244
§ 14.22. Consultation with Counsel for Younger Juveniles ................................................ 279
§ 14.23. Video-Recording of Interrogation Required .......................................................... 298
Appendix. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 1 ......................................................... 309
Tentative Draft No. 1 contains portions of Chapters 1-3 of Part I, Children in Families, and portions of Chapter 14 of Part III, Children in the Justice System. The draft was approved by the membership at the 2018 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and to the usual editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text of the entire project is published.