REPORTERS
Nora Freeman Engstrom, Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Michael D. Green, Washington University in St. Louis School of Law (visiting professor), St. Louis, MO
William C. Powers, Jr., University of Texas at Austin School of Law, Austin, TX [deceased 2019]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
Project Status at a Glance ........................................................................................ xv
Foreword .................................................................................................................. xvi
Reporters’ Memorandum ......................................................................................... xvii
APPORTIONMENT OF LIABILITY
TOPIC 6
TORT CLAIMS FOR ECONOMIC HARM
§ 27. Apportionment of Liability for Tort Claims for Economic Harm—General
Principle ........................................................................................................................ 1
§ 28. Apportionment of Liability Issues and Outline of This Topic ................................. 7
§ 29. Apportionment of Liability When Harm Can be Divided by Factual Causation .... 9
§ 30. Comparing Responsibility of Plaintiff and Intentional Tortfeasor Defendant ...... 17
§ 31. Comparing Responsibility of Plaintiff and Non-Intentional Tortfeasor
Defendant .................................................................................................................... 24
§ 32. Joint and Several Liability of Intentional Tortfeasors ........................................... 35
§ 33. Comparative Responsibility Share of Non-Intentional Tortfeasor Defendant ...... 37
§ 34. Effect of Settlement on Apportionment of Liability ............................................... 45
§ 35. Indemnity ............................................................................................................. 48
§ 36. Contribution .......................................................................................................... 51
§ 37. Apportionment of Liability When a Plaintiff Prevails on More Than One
Legal Theory .................................................................................................................. 57
APPORTIONMENT OF LIABILITY
TOPIC 1
BASIC RULES OF COMPARATIVE RESPONSIBILITY
§ 4 A. Wrongful Acts Doctrine ......................................................................................... 63
§ 4 B. Criminal Conduct and Other Statutory Wrongs as Plaintiff Negligence Per Se .... 66
Appendix ……………………………………….…….............................................………… 89
LIABILITY FOR PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL HARM
CHAPTER 11
LIABILITY OF MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS AND INSTITUTIONS
Introductory Note ............................................................................................................. 91
§ 1. Patient and Provider Defined .................................................................................... 93
§ 2. Patient-Care Relationship ....................................................................................... 100
§ 3. Duties to Patients and Others ................................................................................. 119
LIABILITY FOR PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL HARM
CHAPTER 8A
INTERFERENCE WITH FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
§ 48 D. Alienation of Spousal Affections Abolished ........................................................ 140
§ 48 E. Criminal Conversation Abolished ....................................................................... 147
IMMUNITIES
Special Note on Immunities ………………................................................………………. 155
CHAPTER 1
INTRA-FAMILY IMMUNITIES
§ 1. Spousal Immunity ..................................................................................................... 157
§ 2. Parental Immunity ..................................................................................................... 161
§ 3. Child Immunity .......................................................................................................... 164
§ 4. No Immunity for Other Familial Relationships ........................................................... 167
CHAPTER 2
MISCELLANEOUS IMMUNITIES
§ 5. Charitable Immunity .................................................................................................. 169
§ 6. Immunity of a Minor .................................................................................................. 171
§ 7. Immunity of an Actor with a Mental or Emotional Disability ...................................... 172
CHAPTER 3
GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES AND PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES IMMUNITIES
§ 8. United States Immunity [to come] ............................................................................. 175
§ 9. State Immunity .......................................................................................................... 175
§ 10. Local Governmental Entity Immunity ...................................................................... 206
§ 11. Public Official and Employees Immunity [to come] ................................................. 250
PARENTAL STANDARD OF CARE
§ 10A. Parental Standard of Care .................................................................................... 251
LIABILITY FOR PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL HARM
CHAPTER 8
LIABILITY FOR EMOTIONAL HARM
Introductory Note .............................................................................................................. 271
§ 48 A. Loss of Spousal Consortium ................................................................................ 272
§ 48 B. Loss of Child Consortium ..................................................................................... 297
§ 48 C. Loss of Parental Consortium ............................................................................... 308
Appendix. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 1 .......................................................... 323
Tentative Draft No. 1 includes material on Apportionment of Liability for Economic Harm; Wrongful Acts Doctrine; Liability of Medical Professionals and Institutions; Interference with Family Relationships; Immunities; Parental Standard of Care; and Consortium. The membership voted to approve this draft at the 2022 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
Project Status at a Glance ........................................................................................ xv
Foreword .................................................................................................................. xvi
Reporters’ Memorandum ......................................................................................... xvii
APPORTIONMENT OF LIABILITY
TOPIC 6
TORT CLAIMS FOR ECONOMIC HARM
§ 27. Apportionment of Liability for Tort Claims for Economic Harm—General
Principle ........................................................................................................................ 1
§ 28. Apportionment of Liability Issues and Outline of This Topic ................................. 7
§ 29. Apportionment of Liability When Harm Can be Divided by Factual Causation .... 9
§ 30. Comparing Responsibility of Plaintiff and Intentional Tortfeasor Defendant ...... 17
§ 31. Comparing Responsibility of Plaintiff and Non-Intentional Tortfeasor
Defendant .................................................................................................................... 24
§ 32. Joint and Several Liability of Intentional Tortfeasors ........................................... 35
§ 33. Comparative Responsibility Share of Non-Intentional Tortfeasor Defendant ...... 37
§ 34. Effect of Settlement on Apportionment of Liability ............................................... 45
§ 35. Indemnity ............................................................................................................. 48
§ 36. Contribution .......................................................................................................... 51
§ 37. Apportionment of Liability When a Plaintiff Prevails on More Than One
Legal Theory .................................................................................................................. 57
APPORTIONMENT OF LIABILITY
TOPIC 1
BASIC RULES OF COMPARATIVE RESPONSIBILITY
§ 4 A. Wrongful Acts Doctrine ......................................................................................... 63
§ 4 B. Criminal Conduct and Other Statutory Wrongs as Plaintiff Negligence Per Se .... 66
Appendix ……………………………………….…….............................................………… 89
LIABILITY FOR PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL HARM
CHAPTER 11
LIABILITY OF MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS AND INSTITUTIONS
Introductory Note ............................................................................................................. 91
§ 1. Patient and Provider Defined .................................................................................... 93
§ 2. Patient-Care Relationship ....................................................................................... 100
§ 3. Duties to Patients and Others ................................................................................. 119
LIABILITY FOR PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL HARM
CHAPTER 8A
INTERFERENCE WITH FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
§ 48 D. Alienation of Spousal Affections Abolished ........................................................ 140
§ 48 E. Criminal Conversation Abolished ....................................................................... 147
IMMUNITIES
Special Note on Immunities ………………................................................………………. 155
CHAPTER 1
INTRA-FAMILY IMMUNITIES
§ 1. Spousal Immunity ..................................................................................................... 157
§ 2. Parental Immunity ..................................................................................................... 161
§ 3. Child Immunity .......................................................................................................... 164
§ 4. No Immunity for Other Familial Relationships ........................................................... 167
CHAPTER 2
MISCELLANEOUS IMMUNITIES
§ 5. Charitable Immunity .................................................................................................. 169
§ 6. Immunity of a Minor .................................................................................................. 171
§ 7. Immunity of an Actor with a Mental or Emotional Disability ...................................... 172
CHAPTER 3
GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES AND PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES IMMUNITIES
§ 8. United States Immunity [to come] ............................................................................. 175
§ 9. State Immunity .......................................................................................................... 175
§ 10. Local Governmental Entity Immunity ...................................................................... 206
§ 11. Public Official and Employees Immunity [to come] ................................................. 250
PARENTAL STANDARD OF CARE
§ 10A. Parental Standard of Care .................................................................................... 251
LIABILITY FOR PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL HARM
CHAPTER 8
LIABILITY FOR EMOTIONAL HARM
Introductory Note .............................................................................................................. 271
§ 48 A. Loss of Spousal Consortium ................................................................................ 272
§ 48 B. Loss of Child Consortium ..................................................................................... 297
§ 48 C. Loss of Parental Consortium ............................................................................... 308
Appendix. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 1 .......................................................... 323
Tentative Draft No. 1 includes material on Apportionment of Liability for Economic Harm; Wrongful Acts Doctrine; Liability of Medical Professionals and Institutions; Interference with Family Relationships; Immunities; Parental Standard of Care; and Consortium. The membership voted to approve this draft at the 2022 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published.