Reporter:
Kermit Roosevelt, University of Pennsylvania School of Law, Philadelphia, PA
Associate Rporters:
Laura Little, Temple University Beasley School of Law, Philadelphia, PA
Christopher Whytock, University of California Irvine School of Law, irvine, CA
Table of Contents
Section Page
Project Status at a Glance............................................................................................................. xv
Foreword...................................................................................................................................... xvi
Reporters’ Memorandum............................................................................................................ xvii
Projected Table of Contents........................................................................................................ xix
Chapter 6
Torts
Introductory Note........................................................................................................................... 1
Topic 1
General Rules
§ 6.01. State of Dominant Interest................................................................................................. 1
§ 6.02. Same-State Rule................................................................................................................. 4
§ 6.03. Issues Relating to Conduct and Issues Relating to Persons (Conduct Regulation and Loss Allocation).......................................................................................................................... 5
§ 6.04. Issues Relating to Conduct................................................................................................. 8
§ 6.05. Issues Relating to Persons................................................................................................ 12
Subtopic A
Issues Relating to Conduct (Conduct Regulation)
§ 6.06. Issues Relating to Conduct: Conduct and Injury in Same State........................................ 16
Subtopic B
Issues Relating to Persons (Loss Allocation)
§ 6.07. Issues Relating to Persons: Shared Domicile.................................................................... 18
§ 6.08. Issues Relating to Persons: No Shared Domicile—Intrastate Torts.................................. 22
Subtopic C
Common Provisions
§ 6.09. Cross-Border Torts............................................................................................................ 28
§ 6.10. Party Choice...................................................................................................................... 35
Topic 2
Particular Torts and Issues
Introductory Note.......................................................................................................................... 37
§ 6.11. Products Liability............................................................................................................... 38
§ 6.12. Punitive Damages.............................................................................................................. 42
Chapter 7
Property
Introductory Note.......................................................................................................................... 45
Topic 1
Core Property Issues
Introductory Note.......................................................................................................................... 50
Title A
Classification of Property
§ 7.01. Real Property and Personal Property................................................................................. 50
Title B
Core Real Property Issues
Introductory Note.......................................................................................................................... 51
§ 7.02. Permissible Interests in Real Property............................................................................... 52
§ 7.03. Servitudes.......................................................................................................................... 53
§ 7.04. Transfer of Real Property Interests by Deed..................................................................... 56
§ 7.05. Recording and Priorities of Real Property Interests.......................................................... 60
Title C
Other Core Property Issues
Introductory Note.......................................................................................................................... 63
§ 7.06. Transfer of Property Interests by Adverse Possession....................................................... 64
§ 7.07. Restraints on Alienation.................................................................................................... 69
§ 7.08. Equitable Conversion......................................................................................................... 72
§ 7.09. Leases of Property............................................................................................................. 74
§ 7.10. Security Interests............................................................................................................... 78
§ 7.11. Gifts of Property by Living Donors................................................................................... 89
Topic 2
Property in Marriage and Nonmarital Domestic Relationships
Introductory Note.......................................................................................................................... 94
§ 7.12. Marital Domicile................................................................................................................ 95
§ 7.13. Management and Control of Matrimonial Property During Marriage............................ 104
§ 7.14. Matrimonial Property Rights of Spouses Upon Divorce................................................. 112
§ 7.15. Matrimonial Property Rights Upon the Death of a Spouse............................................. 123
§ 7.16. Rights of Third Parties as to Matrimonial Property........................................................ 133
§ 7.17. Marital Agreements and Matrimonial Property.............................................................. 144
§ 7.18. Nonmarital Domestic Relationships................................................................................ 148
Chapter 8
Contracts
Introductory Note........................................................................................................................ 152
Topic 1
General Choice-of-Law Rules
§ 8.01. Law Applicable to Contracts........................................................................................... 159
Appendix A. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 4.............................................................. 167
Appendix B. Black Letter of Sections Approved by Membership....................................... 176
Tentative Draft No. 4 includes material from Chapter 6, Torts; Chapter 7, Property; and Chapter 8, Contracts. At the 2023 Annual Meeting, the membership voted to approve this draft, subject to a motion to amend Section 6.03 passed at the Annual Meeting and subject to the discussion at the Meeting and editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published.
Table of Contents
Section Page
Project Status at a Glance............................................................................................................. xv
Foreword...................................................................................................................................... xvi
Reporters’ Memorandum............................................................................................................ xvii
Projected Table of Contents........................................................................................................ xix
Chapter 6
Torts
Introductory Note........................................................................................................................... 1
Topic 1
General Rules
§ 6.01. State of Dominant Interest................................................................................................. 1
§ 6.02. Same-State Rule................................................................................................................. 4
§ 6.03. Issues Relating to Conduct and Issues Relating to Persons (Conduct Regulation and Loss Allocation).......................................................................................................................... 5
§ 6.04. Issues Relating to Conduct................................................................................................. 8
§ 6.05. Issues Relating to Persons................................................................................................ 12
Subtopic A
Issues Relating to Conduct (Conduct Regulation)
§ 6.06. Issues Relating to Conduct: Conduct and Injury in Same State........................................ 16
Subtopic B
Issues Relating to Persons (Loss Allocation)
§ 6.07. Issues Relating to Persons: Shared Domicile.................................................................... 18
§ 6.08. Issues Relating to Persons: No Shared Domicile—Intrastate Torts.................................. 22
Subtopic C
Common Provisions
§ 6.09. Cross-Border Torts............................................................................................................ 28
§ 6.10. Party Choice...................................................................................................................... 35
Topic 2
Particular Torts and Issues
Introductory Note.......................................................................................................................... 37
§ 6.11. Products Liability............................................................................................................... 38
§ 6.12. Punitive Damages.............................................................................................................. 42
Chapter 7
Property
Introductory Note.......................................................................................................................... 45
Topic 1
Core Property Issues
Introductory Note.......................................................................................................................... 50
Title A
Classification of Property
§ 7.01. Real Property and Personal Property................................................................................. 50
Title B
Core Real Property Issues
Introductory Note.......................................................................................................................... 51
§ 7.02. Permissible Interests in Real Property............................................................................... 52
§ 7.03. Servitudes.......................................................................................................................... 53
§ 7.04. Transfer of Real Property Interests by Deed..................................................................... 56
§ 7.05. Recording and Priorities of Real Property Interests.......................................................... 60
Title C
Other Core Property Issues
Introductory Note.......................................................................................................................... 63
§ 7.06. Transfer of Property Interests by Adverse Possession....................................................... 64
§ 7.07. Restraints on Alienation.................................................................................................... 69
§ 7.08. Equitable Conversion......................................................................................................... 72
§ 7.09. Leases of Property............................................................................................................. 74
§ 7.10. Security Interests............................................................................................................... 78
§ 7.11. Gifts of Property by Living Donors................................................................................... 89
Topic 2
Property in Marriage and Nonmarital Domestic Relationships
Introductory Note.......................................................................................................................... 94
§ 7.12. Marital Domicile................................................................................................................ 95
§ 7.13. Management and Control of Matrimonial Property During Marriage............................ 104
§ 7.14. Matrimonial Property Rights of Spouses Upon Divorce................................................. 112
§ 7.15. Matrimonial Property Rights Upon the Death of a Spouse............................................. 123
§ 7.16. Rights of Third Parties as to Matrimonial Property........................................................ 133
§ 7.17. Marital Agreements and Matrimonial Property.............................................................. 144
§ 7.18. Nonmarital Domestic Relationships................................................................................ 148
Chapter 8
Contracts
Introductory Note........................................................................................................................ 152
Topic 1
General Choice-of-Law Rules
§ 8.01. Law Applicable to Contracts........................................................................................... 159
Appendix A. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 4.............................................................. 167
Appendix B. Black Letter of Sections Approved by Membership....................................... 176
Tentative Draft No. 4 includes material from Chapter 6, Torts; Chapter 7, Property; and Chapter 8, Contracts. At the 2023 Annual Meeting, the membership voted to approve this draft, subject to a motion to amend Section 6.03 passed at the Annual Meeting and subject to the discussion at the Meeting and editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
Project Status at a Glance ..................................................................................... xiii
Foreword ................................................................................................................ xiv
Reporters’ Memorandum ........................................................................................ xv
Projected Overall Table of Contents ..................................................................... xviii
CHAPTER 5
CHOICE OF LAW
Introductory Note ....................................................................................................... 1
TOPIC 1
INTRODUCTION
§ 5.01. Nature and Development of Choice of Law ................................................... 4
§ 5.02. Choice-of-Law Analysis ................................................................................ 17
§ 5.03. Manifestly More Appropriate Law ................................................................. 30
§ 5.04. Public Policy .................................................................................................. 35
§ 5.05. Characterization and Interpretation ............................................................... 40
§ 5.06. Significance of the Choice-of-Law Rules of Another State: Renvoi ............... 45
Appendix A. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 3 ...................................................... 51
Appendix B. Black Letter of Sections Approved by Membership ............................. 53
Tentative Draft No. 3 contains Topic 1, Introduction, of Chapter 5 on Choice of Law. The membership voted to approve this draft at the 2022 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
Project Status at a Glance ..................................................................................... xiii
Foreword ................................................................................................................ xiv
Reporters’ Memorandum ........................................................................................ xv
Projected Overall Table of Contents ..................................................................... xviii
CHAPTER 5
CHOICE OF LAW
Introductory Note ....................................................................................................... 1
TOPIC 1
INTRODUCTION
§ 5.01. Nature and Development of Choice of Law ................................................... 4
§ 5.02. Choice-of-Law Analysis ................................................................................ 17
§ 5.03. Manifestly More Appropriate Law ................................................................. 30
§ 5.04. Public Policy .................................................................................................. 35
§ 5.05. Characterization and Interpretation ............................................................... 40
§ 5.06. Significance of the Choice-of-Law Rules of Another State: Renvoi ............... 45
Appendix A. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 3 ...................................................... 51
Appendix B. Black Letter of Sections Approved by Membership ............................. 53
Tentative Draft No. 3 contains Topic 1, Introduction, of Chapter 5 on Choice of Law. The membership voted to approve this draft at the 2022 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Project Status at a Glance ....................................................................................................... xv
Foreword ................................................................................................................................ xvii
Reporters’ Memorandum ......................................................................................................... xix
Projected Overall Table of Contents ....................................................................................... xxv
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
§ 1.01. State and Nation Defined ............................................................................................... 1
§ 1.02. Subject Matter of Conflict of Laws .................................................................................. 3
§ 1.03. Law, Internal Law, and Whole Law Defined .................................................................. 10
§ 1.04. Interstate and International Conflict of Laws ................................................................ 18
CHAPTER 2
DOMICILE
§ 2.01. Domicile of Natural and Juridical Persons .................................................................... 21
§ 2.02. Domicile of Natural Persons ......................................................................................... 27
§ 2.03. Definition of Domicile for a Natural Person ................................................................... 39
§ 2.04. Domicile of Origin .......................................................................................................... 53
§ 2.05. Domicile of Minors ......................................................................................................... 56
§ 2.06. Changing a Natural Person’s Domicile .......................................................................... 62
§ 2.07. Presence Under Compulsion ........................................................................................ 79
§ 2.08. Domicile for Juridical Persons ....................................................................................... 85
§ 2.09. The Law Determining Domicile .................................................................................... 104
CHAPTER 5
CHOICE OF LAW
TOPIC 2
FOREIGN LAW
Introductory Comment ............................................................................................................... 109
§ 5.06. Notice of Foreign Law .................................................................................................... 121
§ 5.07. Information About Foreign Law ...................................................................................... 136
§ 5.08. Determination of Foreign Law ........................................................................................ 162
Appendix. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 2 .......................................................... 173
Tentative Draft No. 2 includes Chapter 1, Introduction; Chapter 2, Domicile; and Topic 2, Foreign Law, of Chapter 5, Choice of Law. The membership voted to approve this draft at the 2021 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Project Status at a Glance ............................................................................................. xv
Drafts That Were Scheduled for Submission at the 2020 Annual Meeting .................. xvii
Reporters’ Memorandum .............................................................................................. xix
Projected Overall Table of Contents ............................................................................ xxv
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
§ 1.01. State and Nation Defined ............................................................................................... 1
§ 1.02. Subject Matter of Conflict of Laws .................................................................................. 3
§ 1.03. Law, Internal Law, and Whole Law Defined .................................................................. 10
§ 1.04. Interstate and International Conflict of Laws ................................................................ 17
CHAPTER 2
DOMICILE
§ 2.01. Domicile of Natural and Juridical Persons .................................................................... 21
§ 2.02. Domicile of Natural Persons ......................................................................................... 27
§ 2.03. Definition of Domicile for a Natural Person .................................................................. 39
§ 2.04. Domicile of Origin ......................................................................................................... 53
§ 2.05. Domicile of Minors ........................................................................................................ 56
§ 2.06. Changing a Natural Person’s Domicile ......................................................................... 62
§ 2.07. Presence Under Compulsion ....................................................................................... 79
§ 2.08. Domicile for Juridical Persons ...................................................................................... 85
§ 2.09. The Law Determining Domicile .................................................................................. 103
CHAPTER 5
CHOICE OF LAW
TOPIC 2
FOREIGN LAW
Introductory Comment ........................................................................................................... 109
§ 5.06. Notice of Foreign Law ................................................................................................ 121
§ 5.07. Information About Foreign Law .................................................................................. 136
§ 5.08. Determination of Foreign Law .................................................................................... 162
Appendix. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 1 ........................................................... 173
Tentative Draft No. 1 contains §§ 1.01-1.04 of Chapter 1, Introduction; §§ 2.01-2.09 of Chapter 2, Domicile; and §§ 5.06 -5.08 of Chapter 5, Topic 2, Foreign Law. This draft was prepared for consideration at the 2020 Annual Meeting, which was cancelled. The draft has not been considered by the membership of ALI and therefore does not represent the position of the Institute on any of the issues with which it deals. The draft may be revised or supplemented prior to consideration by the membership in 2021.